Examples¶

Tip

The following code examples are included in the examples/ directory of the source repository/distribution.

Note

Most of them recreate examples from the graphviz.org gallery or the graphviz.org documentation.

hello.py¶

"""https://graphviz.org/Gallery/directed/hello.html"""

import graphviz

g = graphviz.Digraph('G', filename='hello.gv')

g.edge('Hello', 'World')

g.view()

process.py¶

"""https://graphviz.org/Gallery/undirected/process.html"""

import graphviz

g = graphviz.Graph('G', filename='process.gv', engine='sfdp')

g.edge('run', 'intr')
g.edge('intr', 'runbl')
g.edge('runbl', 'run')
g.edge('run', 'kernel')
g.edge('kernel', 'zombie')
g.edge('kernel', 'sleep')
g.edge('kernel', 'runmem')
g.edge('sleep', 'swap')
g.edge('swap', 'runswap')
g.edge('runswap', 'new')
g.edge('runswap', 'runmem')
g.edge('new', 'runmem')
g.edge('sleep', 'runmem')

g.view()

fsm.py¶

"""https://graphviz.org/Gallery/directed/fsm.html"""

import graphviz

f = graphviz.Digraph('finite_state_machine', filename='fsm.gv')
f.attr(rankdir='LR', size='8,5')

f.attr('node', shape='doublecircle')
f.node('LR_0')
f.node('LR_3')
f.node('LR_4')
f.node('LR_8')

f.attr('node', shape='circle')
f.edge('LR_0', 'LR_2', label='SS(B)')
f.edge('LR_0', 'LR_1', label='SS(S)')
f.edge('LR_1', 'LR_3', label='S($end)')
f.edge('LR_2', 'LR_6', label='SS(b)')
f.edge('LR_2', 'LR_5', label='SS(a)')
f.edge('LR_2', 'LR_4', label='S(A)')
f.edge('LR_5', 'LR_7', label='S(b)')
f.edge('LR_5', 'LR_5', label='S(a)')
f.edge('LR_6', 'LR_6', label='S(b)')
f.edge('LR_6', 'LR_5', label='S(a)')
f.edge('LR_7', 'LR_8', label='S(b)')
f.edge('LR_7', 'LR_5', label='S(a)')
f.edge('LR_8', 'LR_6', label='S(b)')
f.edge('LR_8', 'LR_5', label='S(a)')

f.view()

cluster.py¶

"""https://graphviz.org/Gallery/directed/cluster.html"""

from graphviz import Digraph

g = Digraph('G', filename='cluster.gv')

# NOTE: the subgraph name needs to begin with 'cluster' (all lowercase)
#       so that Graphviz recognizes it as a special cluster subgraph

with g.subgraph(name='cluster_0') as c:
    c.attr(style='filled', color='lightgrey')
    c.node_attr.update(style='filled', color='white')
    c.edges([('a0', 'a1'), ('a1', 'a2'), ('a2', 'a3')])
    c.attr(label='process #1')

with g.subgraph(name='cluster_1') as c:
    c.attr(color='blue')
    c.node_attr['style'] = 'filled'
    c.edges([('b0', 'b1'), ('b1', 'b2'), ('b2', 'b3')])
    c.attr(label='process #2')

g.edge('start', 'a0')
g.edge('start', 'b0')
g.edge('a1', 'b3')
g.edge('b2', 'a3')
g.edge('a3', 'a0')
g.edge('a3', 'end')
g.edge('b3', 'end')

g.node('start', shape='Mdiamond')
g.node('end', shape='Msquare')

g.view()

er.py¶

"""https://graphviz.org/Gallery/undirected/ER.html"""

import graphviz

e = graphviz.Graph('ER', filename='er.gv', engine='neato')

e.attr('node', shape='box')
e.node('course')
e.node('institute')
e.node('student')

e.attr('node', shape='ellipse')
e.node('name0', label='name')
e.node('name1', label='name')
e.node('name2', label='name')
e.node('code')
e.node('grade')
e.node('number')

e.attr('node', shape='diamond', style='filled', color='lightgrey')
e.node('C-I')
e.node('S-C')
e.node('S-I')

e.edge('name0', 'course')
e.edge('code', 'course')
e.edge('course', 'C-I', label='n', len='1.00')
e.edge('C-I', 'institute', label='1', len='1.00')
e.edge('institute', 'name1')
e.edge('institute', 'S-I', label='1', len='1.00')
e.edge('S-I', 'student', label='n', len='1.00')
e.edge('student', 'grade')
e.edge('student', 'name2')
e.edge('student', 'number')
e.edge('student', 'S-C', label='m', len='1.00')
e.edge('S-C', 'course', label='n', len='1.00')

e.attr(label=r'\n\nEntity Relation Diagram\ndrawn by NEATO')
e.attr(fontsize='20')

e.view()

unix.py¶

"""https://graphviz.org/Gallery/directed/unix.html"""

import graphviz

u = graphviz.Digraph('unix', filename='unix.gv',
                     node_attr={'color': 'lightblue2', 'style': 'filled'})
u.attr(size='6,6')

u.edge('5th Edition', '6th Edition')
u.edge('5th Edition', 'PWB 1.0')
u.edge('6th Edition', 'LSX')
u.edge('6th Edition', '1 BSD')
u.edge('6th Edition', 'Mini Unix')
u.edge('6th Edition', 'Wollongong')
u.edge('6th Edition', 'Interdata')
u.edge('Interdata', 'Unix/TS 3.0')
u.edge('Interdata', 'PWB 2.0')
u.edge('Interdata', '7th Edition')
u.edge('7th Edition', '8th Edition')
u.edge('7th Edition', '32V')
u.edge('7th Edition', 'V7M')
u.edge('7th Edition', 'Ultrix-11')
u.edge('7th Edition', 'Xenix')
u.edge('7th Edition', 'UniPlus+')
u.edge('V7M', 'Ultrix-11')
u.edge('8th Edition', '9th Edition')
u.edge('1 BSD', '2 BSD')
u.edge('2 BSD', '2.8 BSD')
u.edge('2.8 BSD', 'Ultrix-11')
u.edge('2.8 BSD', '2.9 BSD')
u.edge('32V', '3 BSD')
u.edge('3 BSD', '4 BSD')
u.edge('4 BSD', '4.1 BSD')
u.edge('4.1 BSD', '4.2 BSD')
u.edge('4.1 BSD', '2.8 BSD')
u.edge('4.1 BSD', '8th Edition')
u.edge('4.2 BSD', '4.3 BSD')
u.edge('4.2 BSD', 'Ultrix-32')
u.edge('PWB 1.0', 'PWB 1.2')
u.edge('PWB 1.0', 'USG 1.0')
u.edge('PWB 1.2', 'PWB 2.0')
u.edge('USG 1.0', 'CB Unix 1')
u.edge('USG 1.0', 'USG 2.0')
u.edge('CB Unix 1', 'CB Unix 2')
u.edge('CB Unix 2', 'CB Unix 3')
u.edge('CB Unix 3', 'Unix/TS++')
u.edge('CB Unix 3', 'PDP-11 Sys V')
u.edge('USG 2.0', 'USG 3.0')
u.edge('USG 3.0', 'Unix/TS 3.0')
u.edge('PWB 2.0', 'Unix/TS 3.0')
u.edge('Unix/TS 1.0', 'Unix/TS 3.0')
u.edge('Unix/TS 3.0', 'TS 4.0')
u.edge('Unix/TS++', 'TS 4.0')
u.edge('CB Unix 3', 'TS 4.0')
u.edge('TS 4.0', 'System V.0')
u.edge('System V.0', 'System V.2')
u.edge('System V.2', 'System V.3')

u.view()

structs.py¶

"""https://www.graphviz.org/doc/info/shapes.html#html"""

import graphviz

s = graphviz.Digraph('structs', filename='structs.gv',
                     node_attr={'shape': 'plaintext'})

s.node('struct1', '''<
<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0">
  <TR>
    <TD>left</TD>
    <TD PORT="f1">middle</TD>
    <TD PORT="f2">right</TD>
  </TR>
</TABLE>>''')
s.node('struct2', '''<
<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0">
  <TR>
    <TD PORT="f0">one</TD>
    <TD>two</TD>
  </TR>
</TABLE>>''')
s.node('struct3', '''<
<TABLE BORDER="0" CELLBORDER="1" CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="4">
  <TR>
    <TD ROWSPAN="3">hello<BR/>world</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">b</TD>
    <TD ROWSPAN="3">g</TD>
    <TD ROWSPAN="3">h</TD>
  </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD>c</TD>
    <TD PORT="here">d</TD>
    <TD>e</TD>
  </TR>
  <TR>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">f</TD>
  </TR>
</TABLE>>''')

s.edges([('struct1:f1', 'struct2:f0'), ('struct1:f2', 'struct3:here')])

s.view()

structs_revisited.py¶

"""https://www.graphviz.org/pdf/dotguide.pdf, Figure 12"""

import graphviz

s = graphviz.Digraph('structs', filename='structs_revisited.gv',
                     node_attr={'shape': 'record'})

s.node('struct1', '<f0> left|<f1> middle|<f2> right')
s.node('struct2', '<f0> one|<f1> two')
s.node('struct3', r'hello\nworld |{ b |{c|<here> d|e}| f}| g | h')

s.edges([('struct1:f1', 'struct2:f0'), ('struct1:f2', 'struct3:here')])

s.view()

btree.py¶

"""https://www.graphviz.org/pdf/dotguide.pdf, Figure 13"""

import graphviz
from graphviz import nohtml

g = graphviz.Digraph('g', filename='btree.gv',
                     node_attr={'shape': 'record', 'height': '.1'})

g.node('node0', nohtml('<f0> |<f1> G|<f2>'))
g.node('node1', nohtml('<f0> |<f1> E|<f2>'))
g.node('node2', nohtml('<f0> |<f1> B|<f2>'))
g.node('node3', nohtml('<f0> |<f1> F|<f2>'))
g.node('node4', nohtml('<f0> |<f1> R|<f2>'))
g.node('node5', nohtml('<f0> |<f1> H|<f2>'))
g.node('node6', nohtml('<f0> |<f1> Y|<f2>'))
g.node('node7', nohtml('<f0> |<f1> A|<f2>'))
g.node('node8', nohtml('<f0> |<f1> C|<f2>'))

g.edge('node0:f2', 'node4:f1')
g.edge('node0:f0', 'node1:f1')
g.edge('node1:f0', 'node2:f1')
g.edge('node1:f2', 'node3:f1')
g.edge('node2:f2', 'node8:f1')
g.edge('node2:f0', 'node7:f1')
g.edge('node4:f2', 'node6:f1')
g.edge('node4:f0', 'node5:f1')

g.view()

traffic_lights.py¶

"""https://www.graphviz.org/Gallery/directed/traffic_lights.html"""

import graphviz

t = graphviz.Digraph('TrafficLights', filename='traffic_lights.gv',
                     engine='neato')

t.attr('node', shape='box')
for i in (2, 1):
    t.node(f'gy{i:d}')
    t.node(f'yr{i:d}')
    t.node(f'rg{i:d}')

t.attr('node', shape='circle', fixedsize='true', width='0.9')
for i in (2, 1):
    t.node(f'green{i:d}')
    t.node(f'yellow{i:d}')
    t.node(f'red{i:d}')
    t.node(f'safe{i:d}')

for i, j in [(2, 1), (1, 2)]:
    t.edge(f'gy{i:d}', f'yellow{i:d}')
    t.edge(f'rg{i:d}', f'green{i:d}')
    t.edge(f'yr{i:d}', f'safe{j:d}')
    t.edge(f'yr{i:d}', f'red{i:d}')
    t.edge(f'safe{i:d}', f'rg{i:d}')
    t.edge(f'green{i:d}', f'gy{i:d}')
    t.edge(f'yellow{i:d}', f'yr{i:d}')
    t.edge(f'red{i:d}', f'rg{i:d}')

t.attr(overlap='false')
t.attr(label=r'PetriNet Model TrafficLights\n'
             r'Extracted from ConceptBase and layed out by Graphviz')
t.attr(fontsize='12')

t.view()

fdpclust.py¶

"""https://www.graphviz.org/Gallery/undirected/fdpclust.html"""

import graphviz

g = graphviz.Graph('G', filename='fdpclust.gv', engine='fdp')

g.node('e')

with g.subgraph(name='clusterA') as a:
    a.edge('a', 'b')
    with a.subgraph(name='clusterC') as c:
        c.edge('C', 'D')

with g.subgraph(name='clusterB') as b:
    b.edge('d', 'f')

g.edge('d', 'D')
g.edge('e', 'clusterB')
g.edge('clusterC', 'clusterB')

g.view()

cluster_edge.py¶

"""https://www.graphviz.org/pdf/dotguide.pdf, Figure 20"""

import graphviz

g = graphviz.Digraph('G', filename='cluster_edge.gv')
g.attr(compound='true')

with g.subgraph(name='cluster0') as c:
    c.edges(['ab', 'ac', 'bd', 'cd'])

with g.subgraph(name='cluster1') as c:
    c.edges(['eg', 'ef'])

g.edge('b', 'f', lhead='cluster1')
g.edge('d', 'e')
g.edge('c', 'g', ltail='cluster0', lhead='cluster1')
g.edge('c', 'e', ltail='cluster0')
g.edge('d', 'h')

g.view()

g_c_n.py¶

"""https://www.graphviz.org/Gallery/gradient/g_c_n.html"""

import graphviz

g = graphviz.Graph('G', filename='g_c_n.gv')
g.attr(bgcolor='purple:pink', label='agraph', fontcolor='white')

with g.subgraph(name='cluster1') as c:
    c.attr(fillcolor='blue:cyan', label='acluster', fontcolor='white',
           style='filled', gradientangle='270')
    c.attr('node', shape='box', fillcolor='red:yellow',
           style='filled', gradientangle='90')
    c.node('anode')

g.view()

angles.py¶

"""https://www.graphviz.org/Gallery/gradient/angles.html"""

import graphviz

g = graphviz.Digraph('G', filename='angles.gv')
g.attr(bgcolor='blue')

with g.subgraph(name='cluster_1') as c:
    c.attr(fontcolor='white')
    c.attr('node', shape='circle', style='filled', fillcolor='white:black',
           gradientangle='360', label='n9:360', fontcolor='black')
    c.node('n9')
    for i, a in zip(range(8, 0, -1), range(360 - 45, -1, -45)):
        c.attr('node', gradientangle=f'{a:d}', label=f'n{i:d}:{a:d}')
        c.node(f'n{i:d}')
    c.attr(label='Linear Angle Variations (white to black gradient)')

with g.subgraph(name='cluster_2') as c:
    c.attr(fontcolor='white')
    c.attr('node', shape='circle', style='radial', fillcolor='white:black',
           gradientangle='360', label='n18:360', fontcolor='black')
    c.node('n18')
    for i, a in zip(range(17, 9, -1), range(360 - 45, -1, -45)):
        c.attr('node', gradientangle=f'{a:d}', label=f'n{i:d}:{a:d}')
        c.node(f'n{i:d}')
    c.attr(label='Radial Angle Variations (white to black gradient)')

g.edge('n5', 'n14')

g.view()

rank_same.py¶

"""https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25734244/how-do-i-place-nodes-on-the-same-level-in-dot"""

import graphviz

d = graphviz.Digraph(filename='rank_same.gv')

with d.subgraph() as s:
    s.attr(rank='same')
    s.node('A')
    s.node('X')

d.node('C')

with d.subgraph() as s:
    s.attr(rank='same')
    s.node('B')
    s.node('D')
    s.node('Y')

d.edges(['AB', 'AC', 'CD', 'XY'])

d.view()

colors.py¶

"""https://graphviz.org/docs/attr-types/color"""

import graphviz

g = graphviz.Graph(filename='colors.gv')

red, green, blue = 64, 224, 208
assert f'#{red:x}{green:x}{blue:x}' == '#40e0d0'

g.node('RGB: #40e0d0', style='filled', fillcolor='#40e0d0')

g.node('RGBA: #ff000042', style='filled', fillcolor='#ff000042')

g.node('HSV: 0.051 0.718 0.627', style='filled', fillcolor='0.051 0.718 0.627')

g.node('name: deeppink', style='filled', fillcolor='deeppink')

g.view()